Japan is famed for its ultramodern cityscapes. But what happens when the ultramodern becomes old? A New Zealand photographer has turned his lens to decaying Tokyo apartments to find out.
Cody Ellingham, a Tokyo-based photographer explored around 40 large Japanese public housing blocks known as 'danchi' ('group land') over the past year, visiting at dusk and early evening.
Ellingham says he initially saw danchi as "mountains of steel and concrete". They are often built in clusters, sometimes in "sleeper towns" of up to 70 buildings, each numbered rather than named, with each apartment the same as its neighbours from the outside.
"The exhibition was inspired by places. It started as an interest in form, but it's evolved into an interest in why - the way place influences lives. In a way it's quite Kafka-esque - you have the same life as the person next door to you.
"The personality is superficial, you feel like it could be cleaned away in a moment. Sometimes there were flowers or decorations outside the doors, but you can imagine someone is going to come and clean them away, and then it will be gone," he says.
He also says that while his interest in danchi started as an aesthetic fascination, it progressed toward the history and social significance of the residences, once proud but now solemn and decaying. Part of his goal is to record a history that could be lost.
The apartment buildings replaced wooden dwellings destroyed during World War II, and to cope with rapidly growing urban populations. They were originally a vision of a harmonious new life.
Hibarigaoka danchi even attracted an unprecedented visit from Japan's Crown Prince in 1960, though the building is now a carpark.
"Talking to older people, danchi were a dream for them. Something to aspire to. The old houses were little villages made from earth and wood. Danchi represented a new and modern way of life. If you go back to the 1960s, this was how people saw the future."
The demographic of danchi-dwellers has changed since the 1960s. Today, the apartments are largely inhabited by immigrants and the elderly. Although he visited at a time where most people were home, he rarely saw people and was never approached for conversation.
Ellingham says danchi were now seen as archaic and sterile. Even the most desirable often have tiny rooms and no elevators. A lot of danchi aren't up to modern earthquake or fire standards, and in 15-20 years, many are likely to be demolished to make way for the latest ultramodern building boom.
But despite the anonymous, 'carbon-copy' lifestyle of the fading monoliths, he say that he sees beauty rather than despair in the buildings, which for many people are the only home they know.
"There's a certain kind of nostalgia in these places. The look of it is cold concrete, but deep down, you find glimmers of hope, playgrounds, mural art, community facilities, and the original dream: that tomorrow will be better than yesterday," he says.
